Table of Contents Hermann Goering Hans Frank The prosecution concedes, at the outset, that although Schacht believed that the Jews of Germany should be stripped of their rights as citizens, he was not in complete sympathy with that aspect of the Nazi Party's program which involved the wholesale extermination of the Jews, and that he was, for that reason, attacked from time to time by the more extreme elements of the Nazi Party. It further concedes that Schacht, on occasion, gave aid and comfort to individual Jews who sought to escape the indignities generally inflicted upon Jews in Nazi Germany Schacht's attitude towards the Jews is exemplified by his speech at the German Eastern Fair, Koenigsberg, on 18 Augustwherein he said: We desire to keep our people and our culture pure and distinctive, just as the Jews have always demanded this of themselves since the time of the prophet Ezra. The foregoing concessions should render it unnecessary for Schacht to produce evidence upon these matters.
It was followed by others sent by his brother Jonathan 15 years later, by Simeon inand by Hyrcanus I in Ineither these emissaries or the other Jews living in Rome were apparently accused of conducting religious propaganda among the Roman population and expelled from the city.
However, the decree soon became obsolete. Julius Caesarwho considered that the Jews represented a cohesive element in the Roman world, granted them certain exemptions to enable them to fulfill their religious duties. These exemptions were subsequently confirmed by most of the Roman emperors.
Under Augustusthe number of Jews in the capital increased. In fact, this was part of the policy to suppress the Oriental cults, and an edict was also issued ordering the Jews to leave Italy unless they abandoned their religious practices.
Tiberius abrogated the measures after Sejanus' execution. The growing friction between the Jews of Rome and the rising Christian sect led Claudius to rid Rome of Thesis statement jewish holocaust elements 49—50but this time also the decree was short-lived.
The Jewish struggle in Judea against the Romans ended in 70 with wholesale destruction and massacre and mass deportations of Jewish prisoners, a large number of whom were brought to Italy.
According to later sources, 1, arrived in Rome alone, and 5, in Apulia. There too they attained freedom after a relatively short time, and many remained in Italy. The emperor Vespasian prohibited the voluntary tribute of the shekel that Jews in the Diaspora customarily sent to the Temple and changed it to a "Jewish tribute," the Fiscus Judaicusto be paid into the public treasury.
Under Domitian 81—96 the exaction of this tax was brutally enforced. It was mitigated by his successor Nervabut the tax was not abolished until two centuries later.
The Jewish uprisings against Roman rule which broke out in Judea, Egypt, and Cyrenaica during the reigns of Trajan and Hadrian and culminated in the heroic but vain revolt of Simeon Bar Kokhba —5 are not recorded to have affected the Jews in Italy.
Antoninus Pius —61Caracalla —7Alexander Severus —35and probably other emperors displayed benevolence toward Jews. Jews were included in the edict issued by Caracalla in that extended Roman citizenship to all freemen in the empire.
From the end of the second century until the beginning of the fourth, the Jewish settlements in the Diaspora, although proselytizing intensely, did not encounter opposition from the Romans, though Septimius Severus in prohibited conversion to Judaism.
The Christian communities, however, which expanded rapidly and proved intransigent, were severely dealt with. The fact that the Jews in Italy were of petty bourgeois or even servile origin, and that they were not infrequently suspected of opposing Roman policy abroad, prevented individual Jews from attaining prominence in economic or social life.
It has been estimated that there were 50, Jews in Italy during the first century of the empire, of whom over half were concentrated in or around Rome. In the capital, they engaged in humble occupations and lived in the proletarian sections.
Cultural standards were not high, although there were painters, actors, and poets. The communities centered on the synagogues, of which 12 are known to have existed in Rome, although not contemporaneously. The ruins of one have been discovered in Ostia. Their knowledge of Hebrew was rudimentary.
The religious convictions and customs of the Jews aroused a certain interest among some sectors of the Roman population and sometimes attracted adherents.
This picture emerges from the numerous inscriptions found in the Jewish catacombs rather than from the evidence provided by the generally hostile Roman intellectuals. Outside Rome the position was substantially similar, as may be deduced from tombstone inscriptions.
Initially, Jews settled in the ports: They subsequently spread inland, although it is impossible to state the relative numbers. In the first three centuries of the empire Jews were found in Campania: SyracuseCataniaand Agrigento.
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Their occupations may be inferred but are attested only in a few cases.The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary defines euthanasia as “the action of inducing a quiet and easy death.”This grant of a “mercy death” may occur with the consent of the individual concerned, is then termed “voluntary” “euthanasia” and was the meaning originally given to the word.
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- The Holocaust (or Shoah in Hebrew) was the annihilation of the Jewish population by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. The Jewish people were persecuted by Hitler and the Nazis before and during World War Two.
History of Holocaust. B. Thesis Statement: Hitler didn’t like Jewish people including Ann Frank. 1. World War 2 Task 2 The Holocaust The Causes of the Holocaust The Process of the Holocaust In , the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million.
Most European Jews lived in countries that Germany would occupy during World War II. holocaust essays.
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